Water scarcity remains common in Brazil, especially in the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) in the State of Pernambuco. The RMR is subject to particularly high levels of non-revenue water—which occur when high volumes of water produced do not generate revenue for the supplier. While some losses may be due to structural and operational inefficiencies such as leaky pipes, clients also play a key role by defaulting on their water payments or installing bypasses to consume water free of charge. This has a significant and detrimental impact for COMPESA, the Pernambuco State Water Supply and Sanitation Company. COMPESA, as well as the World Bank’s Water Global Practice and Mind, Behavior, and Development (eMBeD) teams, with financing from the United Kingdom Prosperity Fund, partnered on a behavioral diagnostic and pilot experiment to reduce non-revenue water losses through behavior change. This project provides evidence that a short-term, low-cost intervention—sending behaviorally informed SMS —has potential to increase on-time bill payment rates resulting in an increase in the utility’s revenues.